Nicotine, a compound most commonly found in the plants from the Solanaceae family, is an alkaloid and is found accumulated within the leaves of those plants, although biosynthesis of the chemical is situated the roots from the plants. Nicotine is one of the major the different parts of addictive plants like tobacco (0.6%-3.0%) and is the grounds behind their addiction in humans because of its psychoactive nature.
The follow are 10 interesting info about how much nicotine is in a Cegarette.
1. Etymology
The name nicotine comes from the scientific name from the tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum. The scientific name from the tobacco plant is itself named the French ambassador to Portugal Jean Nicot de Villemain. Villeman is credited for sending tobacco seeds and plant saplings to Paris in 1560 for its use within medicinal purposes.
2. Extraction
Nicotine was basically extracted from the tobacco plant by German physician Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich Posselt and chemist Karl Ludwig Reimann in 1828. After its discovery Posselt and Reimann labelled becoming a poison. In reality nicotine is an antiherbivore chemical, which in turn causes addiction when consumed in moderateness (1mg or less) and death if taken in high amounts (30mg-60mg).
3. Chemistry
Nicotine is an alkaloid with the chemical formula C10H14N2. Its IUPAC name is 3[2,5-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine. It provides a molecular mass of 162.12g/mol. Nicotine is a hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water like a nitrogenous base. Its density is 1.01g/cm3, melting point -79oC and boiling point 247oC. The nicotine molecule has a half lifetime of 2 hours as well as metabolism is hepatic. Nicotine can also be optically active and it has two enantiomeric forms.
4. Nicotine as a possible insecticide
As already said nicotine is an antiherbivore drug which if taken in huge amounts is fatal one’s forms. That’s the reason nicotine laden tobacco has been used as a possible insecticide and before the World War II. But after the WWII its usage drastically lowered due to the use of cheap synthetic insecticides that are more easily obtainable than tobacco and much less unhealthy for mammals. But in the recent times the hype surrounding organic farming has again increased the eye from the farmers within the usage of tobacco like a pesticide as a possible alternate to chemical pesticides.
5. Nicotine addiction
Our nerves inside the body has certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine binds a number of of those and increases the level of several neurotransmitters. Among these neurotransmitters dopamine is one such neurotransmitter that is significantly increased during nicotine use and is in charge of the experience of euphoria and relaxation due to the application of tobacco (nicotine) products.
6. Psychoactive outcomes of nicotine
Nicotine is a psychoactive substance since it is mood altering. It causes both euphoria and relaxation. In your body nicotine is metabolised within the liver. First after its metabolism nicotine ends in the production of glucose from your liver and epinephrine from your adrenal medulla. This sudden release of glucose and epinephrine causes euphoria after the consumption of nicotine. Following the initial euphoria nicotine results in relaxation, increased alertness and sharpness by implementing different neurotransmitters from the body. Nicotine also offers pain relieving properties.
7. Side effects of nicotine intake
Tough it appears as if nicotine is an excellent substance to raise one’s sharpness, induce calmness and elevate one’s mood there are more negative areas of nicotine intake than positive. Among these the most frequent negative effects of nicotine intake are an increased probability of hypertension and strokes. It can be sad that all cigarette which a man smokes reduces his life time by 14 years. Moreover since nicotine has been found to modify the working of Estrogen on hippocampus, hence in the long run nicotine users are susceptible to amnesia and other connected diseases.
8. Toxicity
Nicotine is regarded as more toxic than most common drugs like heroin and cocaine. More damage is completed by nicotine towards the body system which is readily absorbed by the bloodstream and reaches mental performance from the lungs within 7 seconds of its intake either orally or as nicotine patches.
9. Use of nicotine in medical science
Though nicotine is not a doctor’s companion, it is though not his worst foe. Nicotine recognized for its pain relieving properties is being researched upon to be used like a potential pain killer minus its side effects. Nicotine been specifically found to cut back preeclampsia, allergic asthma; and the like by in the role of an anti-inflammatory agent.
10. Nicotine in literature
Nicotine has been personified in popular literature as Nick O’ Teen, a humanoid villainous character in Superman comics which has been created as a part of anti-nicotine drive to educate children regarding the ill-effects of nicotine intake in any form.
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